Which branch of law deals with the enforcement of private or public rights?

Civil law is the branch of law that focuses on the enforcement of private or public rights. It encompasses a wide range of legal disputes where one party seeks compensation or the enforcement of rights against another party. In civil law cases, individuals or organizations may seek remedies such as monetary damages, specific performance, or injunctions. The goal is to resolve disputes between private parties, including contracts, torts, property disputes, and family law matters, without the sanctions of criminal law.

Criminal law, in contrast, deals primarily with offenses that are considered to be offenses against the state or public, where the government prosecutes the accused. Substantive law refers to the set of laws that govern rights and responsibilities, encompassing both civil and criminal law, but it does not specifically deal with enforcement. Cyberlaw pertains to the legal issues related to the use of the internet and digital technologies, which is a specialized field rather than a broad category dealing with all private or public rights. Thus, civil law accurately identifies the branch responsible for enforcing individual rights.