Which of the following best defines federalism?

Federalism is best defined as a system of government that divides power between a central authority and states. This foundational concept ensures that both levels of government can coexist, each operating within their own sphere of authority while also having the ability to influence one another. In the context of the United States, the Constitution establishes this framework, delineating the powers granted to the federal government and those reserved for the states. This division of powers is crucial for maintaining a balance between national interests and local governance, allowing for diverse policies that can better address the needs of different regions.

The emphasis on a central authority indicates that while the states have their own powers, they are still subject to the overarching framework established by the federal government. This allows the federal government to handle issues that transcend state lines, such as immigration and national defense, while states can manage local matters like education and transportation. Understanding this division helps clarify the roles and limitations of each government level in the federal system.