Which term refers to reasonable grounds for conducting a search or making an arrest?

The term that refers to reasonable grounds for conducting a search or making an arrest is "probable cause." This concept is a fundamental principle in criminal law, providing a legal standard that law enforcement must meet before initiating a search or making an arrest. Probable cause requires that officers have sufficient facts or evidence indicating that a crime has been committed, or that evidence related to a crime is present at a specific location.

This standard is crucial because it balances individual rights against public safety concerns, preventing arbitrary or unjustified actions by law enforcement. It ensures that searches and arrests are based on objective evidence rather than mere suspicion or unformed opinions.

In contrast, the other terms in the question pertain to different legal concepts. Due process relates to the fair treatment of individuals through the normal judicial system, specifically ensuring that legal proceedings are conducted fairly. Equal protection refers to the principle that individuals must receive equal protection under the law without discrimination. Judicial review is the power of courts to assess whether a law or government action is constitutional, which does not directly relate to the grounds for searches or arrests.

Understanding probable cause is essential as it underlies many legal interactions involving law enforcement and the rights of individuals, emphasizing its importance in maintaining lawful and constitutional conduct by the police.